Mushroom farming profitability is huge. Divya Rawat mushroom training tips shared for those who cant visit training centres. Uttarakhand people wanted to get success like mushroom girl Divya Rawat. Uttarakhand has advantage of suitable whether.
Divya Rawat is known as mushroom lady and she is a brand ambassador of mushroom farming in Uttarakhand. Oyster and Keedajadi are some precious types. Oyster mushroom selling price is Rs 1400 per kg which is huge.
What is Mushroom
Mushroom is a fungus and needs the medium to grow, medium like straw, wooden dust etc. All these mediums including dry popular leaves can be used for the cultivation. Mushrooms are an edible fungus that can provide several nutrients.
Oyster (dhingri mushroom) are one of the easiest exotic mushrooms to grow and can produce a good profit in a small place. Oyster contains lovastatin a form of cholesterol lowering statin.
Mushroom farming in India is done in Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, UP, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir. Mushroom cultivation in Uttarakhand actively increased a lot.
The credit goes to mushroom girl of Uttarakhand "Divya Rawat" for daring to try the new crop and starting its cultivation in Uttarakhand without any support. Divya belongs to Chamoli Garhwal region, Uttarakhand. She provides training and the fees is between Rs 3000 per to Rs 16000 per day.
If you can't afford Divya Rawat mushroom training fees then you can visit KVK centres of your block for cheap training.
Oyster Mushroom Cultivation in India
Oyster mushroom is commonly known as "Dhingri" in India.
Oysters are one of the easiest exotic mushrooms to grow and can produce a good profit in a small place. Oyster mushroom cultivation has 2 methods 1. layer Spawning 2. Mix Spawning, you can choose any one of them.
For easy growing mushrooms at home complete at least 4 basic steps.
1. Chemical sterilization 2. Spawning 3. Mycelium Run 4. Fruiting Stage
1. Chemical sterilization
There are many mediums like - wheat straw, wood dust, popular tree leaves etc.
Arrange water tank of 200 liters put hundred-liter water into it add 125 ml formalin, 10-12 gram Bavistin and mix it well. Add 10-15 kg wheat straw. Now press hard the wheat straw and mix all in water with putting good pressure on it (necessary).
Cover the tanker from the top for at least 16 to 18 hours. Formalin is used to kill insects, mosquitos and bees but some insects may survive. To finish all insects cover it for this period, meanwhile, formalin releases a gas and finishes all these insects.
After 16 to 18 hours, drain out the water and spread all the wheat straw for 24 hours. Spread the straw due to the moisture, this spreading process takes place to reduce the moisture of the straw from a 100% to 50% only.
Most important reason to spread the wheat straw for 24 hours is to completely finish or reduce the effect of formalin gas so that it could not harm the spawn (mushroom seed). Remove the formalin gas completely from the wheat straw.
In winters 4 to 5 feet height (straw) is ok. In summers provide a shade over the straw.
Increasing the straw height results in increasing the straw temperature and not allow it to reduce the moisture as well. While touching the straw you must feel it cold, it should not remain hot at all.
Spread the straw with light hands don't press it hard. Pressing it blocks the air path and air will not pass between the straw.
Note - While using 1000 litre water, add formalin and bavistin in 1000 litre water i.e 125 ltr formalin x 10 = 1250 & in 2000 litre water 125 x 20 = 2500.
Bavistin - It is a fungicide used to clear all the fungus from straw.
Formalin - It is an insecticide used to clear all the insects like mosquito, bee etc.
2. How to grow oyster mushroom spawn
Technically mushroom seeds are known as spawn. Ask shopkeeper to give spawn instead of using the term seeds so that shopkeeper couldn't play on you by offering you low quality spawn.
To avoid the damage due to high temperature in India use poly bags of 16 x 18 inches. During temperature decrease it may take 30 days instead of 15 days but damage can be avoided. Therefor using 16 by 18 polybags is worth it in preventing temperature increase.
Now lets get back to the spawning- Spawning are of two types
1. Layer Spawning 2. Mix Spawning
You can use mix spawning to grow oyster mushroom, in gold mushroom layer spawning is necessary. Both methods can be used in growing oysters.
Layer Spawning- As the name indicates layers are made in this method. Arrange a poly bag of 16x18 inches cut both bottom ends. The bottom ends are cut to pass out the remaining water in the straw.
How to fill poly bag - In 1st layer add straw in 2nd layer add spawn and continue the pattern.
- 1Layer - Add Straw
- 2Layer - Add Spawn
- 3Layer - Add Straw
- 4Layer - Add Spawn
- 5Layer - Add Straw
- 6Layer - Add Spawn
- 7Layer - Add Straw
Don't change the sequence by yourself note 1st layer starts from the straw and ends with the straw. There are 3 spawn layers and 4 straw layers.
After applying the layers tie the poly bag with rubber band.
Note - 10 kg dry straw should contain 1 kg spawn. In one quintal dry straw 10 kg spawn needed and in 2 quintal 20 kg spawn is needed.
To setup your own business start from a small room, at least 3 quintal dry straw needed in the beginning.
Mix Spawning - It is an easy process compared to layer spawning. Mix 20 kg spawn with 2 quintal straw and fill it in poly bags 16x18 no need to make layers. Remember, to cut poly bags from both bottom edges. Rest process is same which is explained above in layer spawning.
Mushroom cultivation needs less water compared to other cultivations.
Don't tear the poly bag just make holes over the bag. Maintain distance and make around 13 to 14 holes on a single poly bag.
Wait until mushroom spreads out from the hole, once it grows a bit spray some water on it. Use minimum water like a barber sprays customers' hair during hair cut that much water is enough.
The mushroom part packed in the poly bag do not need water. A little water (spray) required for the spread portion of mushroom that comes out from the hole.
After giving water to mushrooms water should be evaporate other wise they may rot. So give proper air to mushroom for 2 to 3 hours, open the windows of the room.
3. Mycelium Run oyster mushroom growing temperature
Close the room for 14 - 15 days including all windows. Check both temperatures; room temperature and poly bag temperature which is filled with stuff (spawn-straw).
The room is closed completely even not a small window remains open because when mycelium grows then mushroom intakes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. The more carbon dioxide presents in room fungus will grow more.
4. Fruiting Stage
Mushroom intakes oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Fresh air is required but don't use cooler and fan, open the windows and let the fresh air comes in. It will decrease the temperature of room and mushroom.
The temperature should be 20 - 23°C for room and 20 - 25°C for bags. Relative humidity needed in room means the air inside the room should contain moisture so that mushroom would not dry and it can take intake water too.
Carbon dioxide increases in the room will not effect the quality perhaps will change the presentation of the mushroom. Sometime the umbrella turns upside down and sometime the stem will grow longer and shade will remain lesser. Sometime it causes a loss to sellers because they usually shorten the stem to present it in better way.
To solve this problem install exhaust fan. Please pay attention while installing exhaust fans. They must be at the height of 4-5 inches from the floor.
How to give air to mushrooms in correct way :
It can be divided in hours:
Step by Step
1. In 1st hour open the windows to allow fresh air and open the exhaust fan too.
2. In 2nd hour open window only close the exhaust fan.
3. In 3rd hour close both window and exhaust.
4. In 4th hour open window for fresh air.
5. In 5th hour open window.
6. Close both window and exhaust fan.
7. Fresh air required so open window again.
8. In 8th hour open both, window and exhaust.
You can slightly change it according to the room area and temperature.
So this complete process will take at least 45 days to grow mushroom.
Start spraying water on 16th day. They will grow in bunches but not at the same time they will keep growing till 20-25 days.
Note - Used straw after cultivation can be used for milky mushrooms as fertilizer and tomato and other vegetables can easily grow.
Oyster mushroom
Oyster mushroom types
Oyster mushroom taste like
Pearl oyster mushrooms have slightly sweet and woodsy taste they are more light and soft or more mild and tender than few other mushrooms. They contains lovastatin a form of cholesterol lowering statin.
Identify oyster mushrooms
What is Pleurotus
Pleurotus is a genus of gilled mushrooms which includes one of the most widely eaten mushrooms, P. ostreatus. Species of Pleurotus may be called oyster, abalone, or tree mushrooms, and are some of the most common mushrooms used for cultivation. Pleurotus fungi is being used in mycoremediation of pollutants such as petroleum and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Cook oyster mushroom in olive oil
- Trim the mushrooms.
- Wash and cut the tip of the large, central stem that connects the oysters.
- Heat the olive oil in pan then spread the them in single layer in the pan.
- Cook them for 4-5 minutes until they start to brown.
- Stir the oysters and sprinkle them with salt.
- Stir the mushrooms and cook for another 3-5 minutes until browned all over.
- Add butter, garlic and reduce the heat to low.
Growing
- Mushroom growing kit.
- Rafts.
- Bags - indoor.
- Mushroom beds - outdoor.
- In the garden.
- In the room.
Basic needs for farming
You only need a small single room of 10 by 10 but first make sure of by checking these steps.
- Choose a type of variety (Oyster most easy and effective).
- Cold environment.
- Buy spawn good quality.
- Prepare substrate.
- Bags, boxes, tray.
- Fruiting stage.
- Harvesting and storage.
- Fix the pricing and estimate.
- Name your business.
- Register, license and permit.
How to grow Button Mushroom
Prepare compost and on clean concrete floor. Water should not stand after composting put cover to protect from rain water. Natural and synthetic are the 2 types of compost.
Synthetic compost - Calcium ammonium, ammonium sulphate and gypsum, bran, urea, wheat straw. Before blending all the ingredients like urea, bran, gypsum, calcium nitrate cut the straw 8-20 cm in length then spread it on the composting yard and form a thin layer.
Natural compost - Ingredients required cow dung or horse dung, poultry manure, wheat straw and gypsum. Chose one between cow dung or horse dung. Don't exposed horse or cow dung to rain water. First mix the ingredients then spread on the composting yard. Later fill the composting in the trays.
After this process spawning, casing, cropping, harvesting is done. In casing soil is made by mixing rotten cow dung. After 15-20 days of casing tiny heads of the crops can be noticed. Small size white button start developing within 5-6 days of this stage and later mushrooms are harvested when grown completely.
Mushroom training centre in Uttarakhand
It is recommended to take mushroom training before starting the cultivation. Mushroom training centre is located in Dunda and Udalka in Uttarakhand. Divya rawat mushroom training centre is available in Chamoli Garhwal and Dehradun.
Mushroom farming helpful to stop hill migration
Mushroom is another crop that may help to stop Uttarakhand hill migration. It is a cold climate crop suitable in hill regions and villages of Uttarakhand.
What to grow in hill farms and how to protect it from animals like monkey, goat etc. This is the biggest problem in Uttarakhand due to which the migration problem has started
In my earlier posts I have suggested 2 cultivars that may help to stop the Uttarakhand migration problem 1. Kandali plant/stinging nettle cultivation 2. Hemp and now I am suggesting one more important crop mushroom. It grows in all seasons especially the Uttarakhand climate suits it very much.
It takes only 45 days to grow and sell to market. it can be grown at home as well so the problem to save the crop from animals ends here.
Conclusion
How you can start mushroom farming is explained along with 4 important steps chemical sterilization, spawning, mycelium run and Fruiting. Oyster mushroom growing steps are explained in detail and button mushroom growing method explained briefly.
Mushroom farming needs more care, temperature plays a key role so think twice while starting this cultivation in summers specially in warm region.
Can you deliver enoki mushroon spawn
Hi Yogesh, we do not deliver any mushroom. You need to contact mushroom sellers, you can read our post mushroom contract farming. Use search box to reach the post and it is also given below this blog post.