Turnip grows underground and can be cultivated as multi-cropping or even as multilayer farming. In India turnip farmers are earning nearly Rs 43,000 within 55 days by sowing 2 to 3 kg seeds this is because 105 quintals of turnip yield per acre can be obtained. Underground crops, give the opportunity to get cultivated with a couple of other crops which can increase the benefit of farmers.
Introduction
It is a root vegetable that easily grows in temperate climates and Brassica rapa is the scientific name of turnip. Turnip cultivation is done worldwide for its white, fleshy taproot and farmers believe in growing it commercially. White turnip Poland has major demand in the Poland local market as well as the international market, Poland agriculture companies are showing interest in turnip products. Its tender roots are used for nourishment whereas larger roots are generally used as an animal feeder.
Profit and cost overview
Turnip 1 kg price is Rs 10, therefore, Rs 10 x 10500 (105 quintals) = Rs 10,5000 and after deducting the cost which is nearly Rs 61000 the net profit comes to Rs 43,000. This calculation in detail is given in the project report. To know more about multilayer and multi-cropping please use our search box.
Project Report
Turnip farming cost per acre
A red and white turnip seed rate of 3 kg varies between Rs 500 and Rs 600 and more according to the varieties.
Let’s take Rs 600 per kg.
Turnip seed rate per acre = 2 to 3 kg.
3 kg x Rs 600 = Rs 1800.
Thus, planting material cost = Rs 1800.
Farmland preparation cost = Rs 10,000.
Labour cost = Rs 15,000.
Irrigation cost = Rs 8,000.
Farm equipment cost = Rs 20,000.
Fertilizer cost = Rs 1500.
Miscellaneous cost = Rs 5000.
Total cost = Rs 61,300.
Turnip farming profit per acre
Turnip price per kg = Rs 10, Rs 20, Rs 50 to Rs 70 accordingly.
Let’s take the minimum selling price = Rs 10.
Turnip yield per acre = 105 quintals.
1 quintal = 100 kg.
105 quintal = 10500 kg.
Profit = Rs 10 x 10500 kg = Rs 105000 (1382.55 USD).
Net Profit = Cost – Profit.
Net Profit = Rs 105000 – Rs 61,300.
Net Profit = Rs 43,700.
Thus turnip farming profit per acre = Rs 43,700 (575.40 USD), (436.54 Pound Sterling).
Note – Profit may differ according to the variety and price. However, this is a well-researched “Project Report” but not exact. While practising the cultivation on the practical ground, the price may differ. This project report was created in order to give you an idea of turnip farming costs and income.
Turnip yield per hectare and yield per acre
Yield in 1 hectare – 250 to 400 quintal turnips per hectare.
Yield in 1 acre – 105 quintals of roots per acre.
Turnip seed rate per acre
2 to 3 kg seeds are enough in 1 acre.
Local names
Some of the other names of turnip are Salgam – Marathi, Salagama – Gujarati, Madhura Mullangi – Malayalam, Shalgam – Punjabi, Shalgam – Oriya, Tella Dumpa – Telugu, Knolkol – Tamil, Navil Kosu – Kannada, Salgum – Assamese, Shalgom – Bengali and turnip in Hindi shalgam.
Other names worldwide
Turnip name in USA – Rutabaga, Canada – White turnips, White turnips in Spanish called – Nabos Blancos, French – Chou Navet, German – Rube, Swedish – Rova.
Commercial production worldwide
Turnip production by country – Uzbekistan – 2.250.559 tons, Russia – 1.847.092, USA – 1.374.580
Turnip growing zones in India
Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Tamilnadu plant turnips in India on a large scale and participates effectively in commercial production.
To start organic farming some secrets and top tips are given in my other post which you can reach by using the search box given at the sidebar.
How to start Turnip farming
If you are willing to do turnip cultivation and looking for higher production then you should perform the best farm management practices such as intercultural practices including planting time, climate and temperature requirements, seed sowing season, land preparation, correct soil, sufficient water, correct fertilizer (NPK), weed removal process, harvesting time etc. Don’t worry all these farming practices are given below step by step you just need to follow them for successfully growing.
Varieties
There are various varieties classified according to shape, size and colour. There are mainly 2 types: Asiatic turnips (turnip tropical types) and temperate turnips (European turnip types). They are classified on the skin, root shape and flesh colour and according to these characteristics they are divided into these two (tropical and European) groups or types.
Early Milan red top, Purple top white globe, Punjab Safed 4, Golden Ball, Snow Ball, Pusa Sweti, Pusa Kanchan, Pusa Chandrima.
Climate requirement
These underground root plants prefer cool and moist temperatures and thrive best in summer moderate temperatures. They require a cool climate for better root development. Don’t get confused, the fact is that the Asiatic type of turnip is capable of tolerating high temperatures whereas the temperate turnip thrives better in cool climates. Sandy loam soil is the preferred soil needed for cultivation.
Temperature
10 degrees celsius to 15 degrees Celsius is the best temperature for growing turnips. 10 to 15 °C is the optimal growing temperature responsible for the development of flavour, root texture, size and growth.
Soil requirements
It is a soil-friendly vegetable plant and can be grown easily in a wide range of soil. Sandy loam soil with a good drainage system and high humidity is the best soil for growing turnips. Avoid very light sandy soil and too heavy soils.
Land preparation
Preparing grounds for these root vegetable plants is not a difficult task. You can start by selecting the correct tools such as a plough for digging and khurpi for weed removal. Start with a couple of ploughs to bring the soil to the friable stage then practise with khurpi for the weed removal process. Add the rotten farmyard Manure (FYM) to the soil, 25 tonnes per hectare and 8 to 9 tonnes per acre.
Propagation
Seeds – Turnips are root plants and are mainly propagated through seeds.
Turnip growing season in India
Turnip germination time depends on the sowing time. July to Sep is the best sowing season for Asiatic-type turnips and october to December is considered the best growing season.
How to plant turnips
Seeds are sown in the ridges or you can prepare lines during the land preparation. Generally, flatbeds are used for sowing the seeds but during monsoons or low-lying regions, one should use ridges for sowing seeds. Under good farm management practices, turnip yield per hectare can be increased. Its production is higher in Poland because Poland farmers used to practice the best farm management practices during turnip farming in Poland.
While sowing seeds the row-to-row distance should be 6 to 7 cm and it is advised to use ridges for sowing turnip seeds @30 cm. For proper uniform sowing seeds are mixed with sand and seeds are sown @ 1.5 cm depth.
White seeds are germinated within a week with a 90% success rate. Thinning processes take place after two weeks of germination and planting distance should be 12 to 15 cm within the row
Fertilizer requirements
Besal dos – During land preparation apply 25 tonnes of farmyard manure per hectare as a basal dose.
Fertilizer quantity – NPK stands for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium. NPK should be divided as N – 80 to 100 kg/ha, P 50 kg/ha and K 50 kg/ha.
Fertilizer before sowing the seeds – Full dose of “P” and “K” and half dose of “N”.
Remaining N in 2 splits – The remaining “N” should be applied in 2 split doses. 1 at root formation time and 2nd at the root knobs development time.
Phosphatic and potassic fertilizers – These fertilisers should be applied at 8 cm depth before sowing the seeds. You can use Micnelf MS – 24 sprays 1kg/ha in case of micronutrient deficiency.
Irrigation
irrigation frequency depends on soil moisture, climate conditions and soil holding capacity. After sowing seeds immediate irrigation is required depending on the climate conditions and soil type. 8 to 10 days of the interval are considered for irrigation to maintain optimum soil moisture. No irrigation is required in the rainy season, instead, prepare your farm for proper drainage in case of heavy rainfall, don’t allow standing water at your turnip farm.
Weed control
3 hoeings are good enough for weed control in turnip plantation. During the second and third hoeing earthing up processes should be done after the top dressing application of nitrogen fertilizer for producing high-quality roots. Till the harvesting time, a total of 3-time weeding is required in turnip farming. Tok E-25 herbicide @ 2 kg per/ha can be used in cultivation as a pre-pre-emergence application for weed control in white or stubble turnips.
Turnip harvest time
Turnips get ready for harvesting after 40 to 55 days from the planting period, leaves get ready for harvesting after reaching a height of 4 to 6 cm. Roots get ready for harvesting when they reach 6 to 10 cm in diameter. In the cultivation of turnips, harvest time should be at the correct time because late harvesting will result in poor quality. You can use a harvesting machine to speed up the harvesting programme.
FAQ
What are turnips called in Canada?
Yellow fleshed turnips are called turnips and white flesh turnips are well known as white turnips in Canada.
What is the average turnip yield per hectare?
250 to 400 quintal turnips per hectare can be obtained by practising good farm management practices that are given above.
What is the turnip yield per acre?
105 quintals of roots per acre can be obtained.
What is the turnip price per kg?
Turnip price varies between Rs10, Rs 30, Rs 35, Rs 40, Rs 50, Rs 60 Rs 160 and more. However, prices may increase according to the variety, market, location, demand and availability.
What is the turnip seed rate per acre?
2 to 3 kg of seeds is sufficient for 1 acre.
How to treat turnip seed?
Before sowing seeds, treat the seeds with thiram @3 grams with 1 kg seeds to protect the crop from crown rot.
How long do turnips take to grow?
Turnip takes 45 to 55 days to get ready for harvesting.
What is the turnip germination time?
Turnip is a root vegetable and it takes 7 days for the germination process.
What type of soil does turnip grow best in?
The best soil for turnips is well-drained sandy loam soil.
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