Today, we will help you to find black pepper farming profit per acre so that you can make your black pepper farming business plan. Black pepper is one of the common spice ingredients used in Indian kitchens. It is used in almost all dishes as well as in tea also. Black pepper provides vital business opportunities and if you are thinking of a black pepper business plan then this post will definitely help you to identify and implement black pepper business in India and globally. During this post, you will also get a black pepper cultivation project report which is based on a 1 acre farming model.
What is black pepper
Black pepper is used as a spice in almost every dish of India and it is majorly used in the entire world as well. Moreover, it is widely used in teas and soups as well. Black pepper is a flowering vine belonging to the Piperaceae family which is also known as the pepper family. Black pepper is cultivated for its fruit known as a peppercorn. Black pepper is native to Southeast Asia or South Asia and wild pepper grows in the western ghats of India.
Black pepper history and origin
Black pepper is native to SouthEast Asia and South Asia and has been used in Indian kitchens as a spice for its health benefits since 2000 BCE. Muziris is an ancient port city located in Kerala. Muziris is famous for exporting black pepper and various other spices. Peppercorn was highly expensive, mostly referred to as “Black Gold” and used in the form of commodity money. Peppercorns were also used as token money for essential gifts.
Black pepper farming project report
This project report is prepared to help you so that you can prepare a black pepper farming business plan. However, this is well calculated and professionally researchers report but this is only an assumption of the project report and on the ground, the Report may differ according to the region, market and variety of the black pepper.
Black pepper farming cost per acre
- Plant material cost = Rs 5000
- Land preparation cost = Rs 5000
- Fertilizer cost = Rs 2000
- Plant protection charges = Rs 5000
- Irrigation cost = Rs 4500
- Labor charges = Rs 10,000
- Miscellaneous cost = Rs 1500
- Total cost = Rs 33,000
Black pepper farming profit per acre
- Black pepper 1kg price in India varies between Rs 400 to Rs 900 as per the variety
- Black pepper yield per acre varies from 500 kg, 1000 kg and more
- If 500 kg per acre is produced then
- 500 kg black pepper x Rs 400 = Rs 2 lakh
- Net profit = black pepper profit per acre – Black pepper cost per acre
- Net profit = Rs 200000 – Rs 33,000
- Net Profit = Rs 167000 (2,243.07 USD)
Black pepper propagation methods
Black pepper propagation cuttings – Black pepper plants are propagated by cuttings 40 to 50 cm long (16 to 20 in). Cuttings are those cultivars that are selected for better black pepper yield and fruit quality. Remember they need support so they are tied with neighbouring trees or climbing frames. You should select rough bark trees over smooth bark trees for support and there should be a distance of about 2 meters (6 ft 7in) among black pepper and supporting trees or frames. By Nature, pepper plants climb rough bark more comfortably and readily. Cover the roots of pepper plants with leaf mulch and manure, shoots need to be trimmed twice a year.
Black pepper cultivation income yield and profit
Peppercorn is also known as Black gold due to its domestic and international demand in the market. It has a great export value and continued export to foreign countries makes this spice more precious. Kerala is the highest black pepper producing state in India and produces 90 % of total black pepper production in India. It has a single-seeded fruit and takes six months after flowering to get mature. If you are thinking about how to make money farming 1 acre then black pepper fits in the model of 1 acre farming for profit in India, UK or globally.
Black pepper production in world
In 2019 Ethiopia was the world’s largest producer and exporter of black peppercorns. Ethiopia has produced 374,413 tonnes that is 34 % of the total world production. Other major black pepper producers are Vietnam, Brazil, Indonesia, India and Malaysia.
How to start black pepper farming in India – FAQ
In order to help you to start a black pepper business or farming business for profit in 1 acre we have prepared some important questions for you.
What does a black pepper tree look like?
If you are thinking about what do black pepper plants look like then please look below
Black pepper is a perennial woody vine. Perennial plants usually live more than two years and vine is a plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent stems. Black pepper is a spreading vine that needs support to stand.
Black pepper plant look like – It looks like thin spreading vine
Black pepper tree height – It is a spreading vine and black pepper plant height is up to 4 m (13 ft) this plant grows on supporting poles, trees and trellises.
Black pepper leaf – Black paper leaves are 5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in) long and 3 to 6cm across
Black pepper plant flower – Black pepper flowers are small in size nearly 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3.1 in) and are produced on pendulous spikes, they are long at leaf nodes.
What are the black pepper soil requirements?
Black pepper plant soil – Black pepper growing soil is neither too dry nor susceptible to flooding. Instead, it prefers moist, well-drained and rich in organic matter
Black pepper soil – Sandy loam soil, clay loam soil, red loamy soil
Black pepper ph level – 5 to 6.5 ph level of the soil is for good yield.
When to water black pepper plant?
Black pepper plant watering – For the first three years, the young plant needs water for every second day in the dry soil and dry season.
When black pepper bears fruit?
Black pepper fruit extract – Black pepper bears fruit from the 4th or 5th year upto 7 seven years. Single stem of black pepper is able to bear 20 to 30 fruiting spikes.
Explain black pepper fertilizer requirements?
May – FYM 10 kg to each plant
August – NPK ratio should be 0.5 kg (N) : 1kg (P) : 0.5 kg (K) per acre
May – Slaked lime 500 gram per plant yearly
How to apply – Apply the above from a depth of 15 to 20 cm and a distance of 30 cm from the base.
Organic fertilizer – Better to use organic fertilizer and spray for any type of farming to get a better idea on how to start organic farming including organic spray, organic pesticides click the link.
When to harvest black pepper?
Black pepper harvesting time – Black pepper harvest time is really important for the commercial cultivation of black pepper so that commercial growers can avail full profit. Harvesting should be done at the correct time before they get fully mature. Therefore harvest begins as soon as one or two fruits at the bottom of the spikes begins to turn red. Don’t allow fruits to soften so pick them when they are turning to red and still hard, if allowed to ripen completely black pepper fruits will lose pungency and fall down, this will be a loss.
Black pepper spike harvest – Spikes are collected from the black pepper farm and spread out into the sunlight to dry after that black pepper fruits peppercorns are stripped of the spikes.
Name peppercorn varieties?
Peppercorns are formed in various varieties according to their colours
Black peppercorn, green peppercorn, white peppercorn, Red peppercorn, Pink peppercorn
Name some Commercial Black pepper varieties in India?
There are nearly 75 varieties of pepper in India. Among these varieties Karimunda is the most popular variety of pepper grown in Kerala. Some other varieties are Balancotta, Kottanadan, Kalluvally, Malligesara, Uddagara, Aimpiriyan and Narayakkodi.
Improved varities of black pepper are given below
| Commercial black pepper variety | Average Yield Per Acre | Conditions |
| Panniyur-1 | 500 kg per acre | Open conditions sensitive to access shade. |
| Panniyur-2 | 1100 kg per acre | Shade tolerant, meadium sized berries. |
| Panniyur-3 | 850 kg per acre | Open conditions yield bold berries |
| Panniyur-4 | 550 kg per acre | Capable to perform in adverse condition |
| Panniyur-5 | 1250 kg per acre | Suitable for intercropping |
| Pancham | 3300 kg green pepper per acre | Topmost variety |
| Sreekara | 950 kg per acre | Drought condition tolerant |
| Subhakara | 1070 kg per acre | Dry Recovery 35 % |
| Pournami | 2900 kg per acre green pepper | Tolerant root-knot nematode |
